Cathode materials is a research concept encompassing the design, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of materials employed as the positive electrode (cathode) in electrochemical devices, notably rechargeable batteries. This field investigates their structural evolution, ion intercalation/deintercalation mechanisms, electronic and ionic conductivity, and electrochemical performance metrics such as energy density, power capability, cycle life, and safety, aiming to develop advanced materials crucial for energy storage and conversion technologies.